Craps is one of the most exciting casino games. It is common to hear yelling and shouting at a craps table. It is played on a purpose-built table and two dice are used. The dice are made after very strict standards and are routinely inspected for any damage. As a matter of course, the dice are replaced with new ones after about eight hours of use, and casinos have implemented rules in the way a player handles them.
Craps can also be played in less formal settings and is said to be popular among soldiers. In such situations side bets are less frequent, with one or several participants covering or "fading" bets against the dice.
Basics of Craps
The basic game of craps is very simple. The most fundamental bet is the "pass line" wager, which almost everyone on a given game may make. On the first roll of the two dice (the come-out roll ), the pass line bettors, or "right" bettors win by rolling either a 7 or 11 (a natural ). If the shooter, or any other player, has a bet on the pass-line, he would win on the natural. Rolling craps (2, 3, or 12) loses immediately for the pass line bettor. Any other number (4, 5, 6, 8, 9, or 10) is called the point . To win, the pass-line bettor must roll the point number again before rolling a 7. If a 7 comes up before the point number, the shooter has sevened-out and the dice fail to pass. The shooter relinquishes the right to shoot when he or she sevens out, and the player to the left shoots next, beginning a new come-out sequence.
On any come-out roll, the shooter or any other player may also choose to place a don't pass wager, betting against the dice. This method, called "betting wrong," is by no means morally inferior to "right betting." In fact, the don't pass offers a lower house edge than pass line betting, and features the same free odds bet after a point is established. The bet works exactly like the opposite of the pass line wager, with the don't-pass bettor losing on the come-out when a natural is rolled. The don't bettor wins when a craps is rolled on the come-out, except on the roll of a barred craps, where the bet is a stand-off or push. Usually casinos bar the 2 or 12 craps, but beware a house which bars the 3 craps, as this practice doubles the house edge on the don't pass wager. The barred number is where the house derives its advantage by not paying the designated craps roll. Converse to pass-line betting, the wrong bettor wins on 7-outs and loses when a point is made.
A casino craps table is run by four casino employees: a boxman who guards the chips, supervises the dealers and handles coloring out players; two dealers who stand to either side of the boxman and collect and pay bets; and a stickman who stands directly across the table from the boxman and announces the results of each roll and then collects the dice with an elongated wooden stick. He is also in charge of managing the bets made on the center of the table (hardways, yo, horn, etc). For clarity, the number 11 is referred to as "yo" so as not to be confused with the number 7.
A new shooter , who must bet the table minimum on either the pass line or the don't pass line to play, is given five dice by the stickman and picks two.
When the shooter rolls the dice, the dealers will usually insist that the dice be rolled with one hand and that they bounce off the wall surrounding the table. These requirements are meant to retard cheating attempts by switching the dice or making a "controlled shot." If a die leaves the table, the shooter will usually be asked to select another die from the remaining three but can request using the same die if it passes the boxman's inspection. This requirement is used in an effort to reduce cheating the game by substituting loaded dice for the regulation dice.
Craps - Dice Setting
Another approach is to "set" the dice, by throwing them in such a way that one or both will be more likely to show certain numbers. Unlike other systems, this one is not mathematically absurd, because if it were possible to alter the probabilities of each outcome, then winning systems could be devised. Nevertheless, the casinos take steps to prevent this. The dice are supposed to hit the back wall of the table, which disrupts the controlled spin. Some people offer to teach dice-setting skills, for a substantial fee, but there are no independent verifications that such methods can be successfully applied in a real casino. Frank Scoblete and Stanford Wong , authors of books that feature dice control techniques, believe that it is possible to alter the odds in the player's favor by dice control.
Online Casino Craps - Dice Control
In fact, there is a small but dedicated community of controlled shooters that maintain records and claim proof of dice influencing in casino conditions. The concept of "controlled shooting" however goes far beyond "setting the dice". It purports to involve limiting the " degrees of freedom" in the Rigid body dynamics of the dice. A mechanical engineer, under the pseudonym "SharpShooter", wrote a book on the subject called "Get The Edge At Craps: How to Control the Dice", which claims to define the math and science behind dice control.
The concept of precision shooting claims to elevate craps from a random game of chance, to a sport, not unlike golf, darts, or pool. Precision shooting is not easy, and it requires daily practice, discipline, and focus.
Nevertheless, the amount of influence needed to sway the advantage in favor of the player is quite small - in a normal random distribution there will normally be seven 7s in a total of 42 rolls. If one can influence the dice such that the seventh 7 does not appear until the 43rd roll, that player will have a slight advantage over the house.
Craps Systems
Various scam artists have, over the years, marketed "systems" that purportedly enabled players to beat the house. Such betting strategies do not work (or, more accurately, they work only for a player with infinite wealth who faces no maximum bet). One of the best known is the Martingale system where you start by betting $1 and doubling your bet whenever you lose; upon winning, you start over at $1. If you play this system, you will 1) risk losing $128 (or more, if you choose to continue despite mounting losses) to win $1; and 2) run up against the table limit. If you continue at higher-dollar tables, you could eventually reach the point where you have no more money, at which point you would have to quit. It is because of this system that casinos impose a limit on the amount you can bet. If you keep doubling your wager, you will eventually run up against the limit and you will be unable to recover your previous losses on a single turn.
Other systems depend on mathematical fallacy, e.g. bet on 11 if an 11 has not appeared in the last 20 rolls. Of course, the dice have no memory and the probability of rolling an 11 is exactly 1/18 on every roll, even if 11 has not come up in the last 100 rolls. While the sales pitches are elaborate — they have never been able to explain why, if their system is so good, the casinos are still in business — no system has been mathematically proven.
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